A Turkish ID card is renewed when the expiry date printed on it passes, when your name or photo changes, when the card becomes too worn to read, or when it is lost or stolen. The transaction is handled at district population offices and runs through the appointment system of the Directorate General of Population and Citizenship Affairs (NVİ).
The job really has three parts: getting a biometric photo, paying the document fee, and attending an appointment where your biometric data is captured. Get the order right and it is done in a single visit; turn up with a missing document and you will have to book all over again.
The steps below follow the official pages at nvi.gov.tr, randevu.nvi.gov.tr and the related e-Devlet service. No amounts are quoted here, because the fee is revised regularly and the current figure appears on the payment screen itself.